Transaction fails to build or submit with an error like OutputTooSmallUTxO, “insufficient ada in output”, or “Min ADA value not satisfied”. Often happens when minting NFTs that include CIP-25 metadata, especially with longer image URIs or many attributes. What’s actually happening Every UTxO on Cardano must carry a minimum amount…
A validator that uses valid_after, valid_until, or any time-related check rejects an otherwise-valid spend. Off-chain test harness shows the deadline has passed, but the validator returns False. Phase-2 validation fails and collateral is consumed. Why this happens Cardano validators run in a deterministic sandbox. They cannot read “the current time”…
Transaction submission fails with NoCollateralInputs, InsufficientCollateral, or “Collateral required for script execution.” Happens specifically on transactions that spend from a script address or run a minting policy. Why collateral exists Any transaction that executes a Plutus validator must include collateral — a UTxO the ledger can seize if the script…